The American Political Science Review, 57(1), 4556. II. In political theory, descriptive representation as a corrective to structural asymmetries within society is usually debated against the background of formal political institutions. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Evaluation of diversity in the United States Congress 1.docx, Meru University College of Science and Technology (MUCST), Representation in Congress_JLipscomb.docx, things players do in the game The context is the reason to do that again This, input image may consist of a large number of pixels We convert the input vector, BS2001_USE THIS ASSESSMENT TEMPLATE TO RESPOND TO EACH QUESTION.docx, AAAAAAAAAnn uuupp ttoo dddaaatteeee llliissstt ooff tthhheeee mmoorreeee, Clause 1 Scope Specifies the requirements of a QMS to Demonstrate the ability to, however the age range was changed from 5 15 to 6 16 The third edition was, A number of different financial securities are listed on the Australian Stock, scale users must be clear about their own definition of a construct eg, The developmental variation in Phase I enzymes has what impact on pediatric, This is especially true where land is held in joint ownership Originally land, Que 10 Human resource management means aA method which an organisation collects, Joseph Mejia - Multiple+Representation+Notes.pdf.Kami.pdf, Explanation QUESTION NO 23 An administrator is working to update the hosts and, Journal Entry on Christianity in the Twentieth Century (1).pdf. What is a Descriptive Representative? Using observation, qualitative data can be collected on the habits of supermarket customers regarding the purchases they make in it. Pros 1. There are two ways to carry out a pre-experimental design, which are as follows: In the case of descriptive research, there are three techniques to carry it out: Observation is one of the most used techniques when conducting descriptive research. It allows different voices to be heard. Data from the 2016Survey of the Performance of American Elections(SPAE) was used to evaluate the relationship between descriptive representation and confidence. Supporters of descriptive representation anticipate that descriptive representatives behave in distinct ways through which they are able to provide better substantive representation than non-descriptive representatives. They are a concern whether a medication can cause damage to the fetal. The American Political Science Review, 84, 377393. Thibaut, J. W., Walker, L., et al. Researchers surely appreciate the ease of which they are able to problem solve, collect data and share the results of their, Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development. RT @Kennedy_School: According to a recent study by @HKS_PeopleLab researchers, including HKS's @ElizabethLinos, government communications c, Join @ipinst @swiss_un & @INTGenderChamps for a discussion on Using Innovation & Technology to Ad. Constituency, party, and representation in Congress. helvetia 20 franc gold coin 1947 value; pros and cons of descriptive representation. An American who represents themselves in court has a fool for a client, according to an old story told about former President Abraham Lincoln. Easton, D. (1975). A contingent yes. Many factors can facilitate or diminish confidence. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-016-9345-9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-016-9345-9. In addition, it allows obtaining data, or information, of the quantitative or qualitative type: Using the case study it is possible to carry out a slightly more detailed analysis of the event, as well as to study in detail groups or subjects separately. Journal of Politics, 72, 90104. The upsides of using descriptive research include that it is easy to conduct, can be used to gather large amounts of data, and can provide a foundation for further research. To obtain quantitative information, statistical and numerical study methodologies are used, where information about values such as weight, scale and years, among others, is obtained. During elections, millions of citizens vote in person either before or on Election Day. While descriptive research can be a powerful tool, it has its pros and cons. Matthew Hayes. Google Scholar. To carry out a descriptive research, it is necessary to know in advance the variables that will be analyzed, since this type of research is not dedicated to the search for variables, but to their study. That structure makes it easier for extremist views to find official representation. To illustrate, observing someone do a multitude of rudimentary actions can be considered a deed of naturalistic observation. Rocha, R. R., Tolbert, C. J., Bowen, D. C., & Clark, C. J. Princeton: Princeton University Press. The data from a descriptive research project can be collected from one person or a small group of people. Descriptive research can be particularly useful in identifying trends or patterns. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive representation Descriptive representation is where people are allowed to vote for leaders who they feel mirror their beliefs. & Kuklinski, J. H. (1979). In the end, there is however a set of remaining pro arguments suggesting that descriptive representation produces some exclusive benefits. Lawless, J. L. (2004). It enables both the collection of quantitative data and qualitative data. Today, the Journals Division publishes more than 70 journals and hardcover serials, in a wide range of academic disciplines, including the social sciences, the humanities, education, the biological and medical sciences, and the physical sciences. Campbell, D. E., & Wolbrecht, C. (2006). 5. Tyler, T. R. (1990). But conflict and disagreement can be quite beneficial. @HarvardHBS professor @francescagino. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data (Sharma, 2019). Does ethnicity matter? Talking about politics: Gender and contextual effects on political proselytizing. 3. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Descriptive Research, Different research methods have contrasting directions and distinct heights of gravity. The Gender and Conflict initiative unites faculty, students, and researchers at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond to study gender in non-violent and violent social movements and the social and institutional factors influencing the prevalence of gender-based violence. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions Naturalistic observation also gives the observers little to no control which gives the observer pure, non-corrupted data. village 201 new townhomes by alliance development virginia palmer elementary school staff. Successfully determining who wins and loses in an election involves aseries of systemsthat, while operating simultaneously, function independent of each other. 1. pros and cons of descriptive representation. Engaged Fatherhood for Men, Families and Gender Equality. It involves the collection and analysis of data to describe a phenomenon or situation. It is discussed in this paper as a means to enhance the declining legitimacy of Dutch works councils as important sites of democratic decision-making in their own right. Naturalistic observation is important in psychological research because it gives insight into the natural behaviors of people. The formal charging of a government official with "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors". This information can be used to develop hypotheses for further research. Gomez( 2006)argues naturalistic observations of primates show that how certain objects is intrinsic part of primate lives, from simple food collecting process as taking certain organic fruits. Descriptive research is a type of research that is used to describe a population or phenomenon. There are occasions where the pre-experimental. Errors and Mistakes: Since graphical representations are complex, there is- each and every chance of errors and mistakes.This causes problems for a better understanding of general people. In addition, it obtains information on the phenomenon or situation to be studied, using techniques such as observation and survey, among others. In this system, the voter would rank the candidates on their ballot based on choice. Critical Mass and Women's Substantive Representation Women's descriptive representation and the literature that addresses the means by which more women might be elected to national office involve, at face value, number-based models. Part of descriptive statistics is to characterize which model the variable presents to an observer. The party which receives the most votes in a proportional representation structure will work with other parties to form a full majority. McCrone, D. J. Gerrymandering. Bobo, L., & Gilliam, F. D, Jr. (1990). The analysis will stress that the deliberative function of democracy requires descriptive representation far more . In many areas of public administration and policy, the importance of descriptive representation or shared identity and perceived shared experience for racial and ethnic minorities is well documented. By Colin Jones, Robert M. Stein, Lonna Atkeson, M.V. In the administration of elections, poll workers serve as the face of elections and are the street level bureaucrats that voters interact with most. 4. It can only describe a situation and cannot explain why something is happening. The seldom receive access to the majority coalition and rarely earn an absolute majority, but there is always the possibility that their voiced opinions will gain traction with the general population. Pitkin, H. F. (1967). Across all of our samples, the total number of African Americans is 287. By conducting research and engaging with faculty and students at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond, the fellows enrich the intellectual life of the center. Baker, A., & Cook, C. (2005). It conforms to what the rest of the world is doing. One of the biggest advantages of descriptive research is that it allows you to analyze facts and helps you in developing an in-depth understanding of the research problem. descriptive representation pros and cons. They have no way of having that vote be represented. Researchers often times are faced with the decision of choosing a methodology of research; either Quantitative or Qualitative that they think best fits their study and objectives. The political representation of blacks in Congress: Does race matter? Under the system of proportional representation, seats are not awarded based on community or district voting. Under proportional representation, everyone would have an opportunity to have their views represented in their government in some way. In this paper, we employ a novel experimental design to investigate how citizens feel about the relative importance of descriptive and substantive representation. There are times when a strong majority in the government is required to push through needed reforms. They allow to formulate hypotheses, as well as provide a large amount of valuable data for the development of future investigations. However, what good representation should be is debated. Comparative Political Studies, 0010414012463884. Canada, France, and India join the U.S. and the United Kingdom as being an alternative structure. In 2022, HKS doctoral student Anna Gifty Opoku-Agyeman published a critically acclaimed collection, The Black Agenda. To investigate other possible predictors of perceptions of fairness, we also re-ran the results adjusting for several demographic and political covariates. Bridgett King recently presented a paper at the 2018 annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association entitled, Descriptive Representation in Election Administration: Poll Workers and Voter Confidence. Here, Professor King summarizes her analysis from that paper. Political Behavior (1997). Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university.