The validity scales examined included the Response Bias Scale (RBS), the Symptom Validity Scales (FBS, FBS-r), Infrequent Somatic Responses scale (Fs), and the Henry . High elevations of these scales invalidate an MMPI-2 pro-file and may indicate confusion or reading problems, random responding, severe psychopathology, symptom exaggeration, or malingering. PSYC 368_Ch 14_Personality Testing_MMPI-2 [Video file]. Women also tend to score higher than men on this scale. Interpretation of MMPI-2 Validity Scales Author: Nickerson Created Date: 20141020190118Z . FOIA The MMPI also has built-in validity scales designed to identify how a person approached the test, such as whether they attempted to present themselves differently from how they actually view themselves. Your mental health and medical history will be considered, along with your experiences. xO6s$Ktl65Gl$o= 3o)El)e#;y!!nL~:3^&L7RlmUy$q%?~ endobj Very high scores may indicate depression, while moderate scores tend to reveal a general dissatisfaction with ones life. hbbd```b``@$2d, 2X7D %PDF-1.6 % Both the MMPI-2 and the MMPI-2-RF are designed for individuals age 18 years and older. Butcher, J. N., Graham, J. R., Ben-Porath, Y. S., Tellegen, A., Dahlstrom, W. G., & Kaemmer, B. The MMPI-2 is often used in legal cases, including criminal defense and custody disputes. https://www.upress.umn.edu/test-division/mmpi-2/mmpi-2-training-slides, The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales, nterpretation of MMPI-2 Content, Supplementary, and PSY-5 Scales, MMPI-2 Computerized Scoring and Interpretation. A very low K could often be the only indication of psychopathology on an MMPI profile. %PDF-1.5 Tendency to create a favorable impression as a response bias, conventional, rigid, moralistic, repression, denial, and insightless. h254V0P054Q03Rw/+Q02L)(M6!vvpf`BY)#1TNSkP0 Z' endstream endobj 1941 0 obj <>stream These training slides provide an overview of the MMPI-2, including a description of the scales comprising the test, as well as information about the materials available to score and interpret test results. Five subscales are; Belief in Human Goodness, Serenity, Contentment with Life, Patience and Denial of Irritability and Anger, and Denial of Moral Flaws. Pearson Assessments; 1989. It also gauges feelings of alienation from self and society as well as boredom. People have always had concerns over the reliability and accuracy of the MMPI ever since it was first published in 1942. High scores indicate a tendency to yea-say (i.e., endorse many items as true), and low scores indicate a tendency to nay-say (i.e., endorse many items as false). 152-155 (Hathaway and McKinley, 1989). Careers. This can also be High due to inconsistencies within the personality. Forensic Uses of Clinical Assessment Instruments. Because of this, most psychologists simply refer to each scale by number. 1 0 obj Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent. Floyd AE, Gupta V. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Today, it is used to assess how much or how little a person identifies how rigidly an individual identifies with stereotypical male and female gender roles. They also show how to conjoin Rorschach and MMPI-2 results in more eective assessment strategies, and how to tie MMPI-2 results to specic DSM-IV criteria. The MMPI-2-RF contains 338 items, contains 9 validity and 42 homogeneous substantive scales, and allows for a straightforward interpretation strategy. This means the test and its materials are not freely available to the public. This can be also be High due to severe psychopathology. If this criteria is not met, then go to the next rule: if L.>6, K>22, L and K T> F Tscore, F-K<-19, Repression >T69 and Anxiety < T60, then shift the criteria down to include>T62. Fb - Back F scale (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Grahm & Tellegen, 1989). The MMPI is the most frequently used and most extensively researched psychological assessment tool. Developed like the F scale, it is made up of items that are endorsed less than 10% of the time by normals (but frequently by disturbed individuals). Introduction to MMPI-2 Interpretation of MMPI-2 Validity Scales Interpretation of MMPI-2 Clinical Scales Licensed Psychologist All Rights Reserved. The test involves completing a number of questions that correspond to different scales that correspond to certain mental health conditions. endobj High (>Raw 22). xx)o[%@dr/]rUYDY8eHJz~6b zzOit?mnvs?xqkw9L+?nF;p}|8t"}?=\F/.H}RyD'CG}mG:*r*Sg.[ The MMPI should be administered, scored, and interpreted by a professional, preferably a clinical psychologist or psychiatrist, who has received special training in MMPI use. This scale identifies tendencies toward bizarre thoughts and social alienation. Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author and educational consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology. It was utilized in psychology clinics, hospitals, correctional facilities, and pre-employment screenings. Schilling R, Casper ST. Of psychometric means: Starke R. Hathaway and the popularization of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. MMPI-2-RF Interpretive Report: Clinical Settings ID:Mr. What Is the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale? stream The MMPI was developed in the 1930s to help mental health professionals evaluate people with psychiatric disorders. The 9 Best Online Guided Meditation Options in 2022. According to the publisher of the MMPI, the University of Minnesota Press, employers sometimes use the test in job screenings for high risk public safety positions, such as: The University of Minnesota first published the test by Starke R. Hathaway and J.C. McKinley in 1942 and currently owns the copyright. hWkOJ+Tqo The hypochondriasis scale is designed to detect exaggerated concern over ones health that is unsupported by medical authority. Z (}R;3dvA2{woJ4~>9}JMiRFJ oKg[c[Vc(ejD] zo?9[)\@z`:oj,;VlcgnFf'Lgjx0NcN{r6fr-t%Po27 ^uNgqC$AZ->92%+ Cd9zZ"{F?V| cy-..A/b?h/Cs&cD,?rzxo9=k?R cU}y~xNt27 X } Though some inconsistent responding is not unusual, high levels suggest that the examinee may have responded randomly or had reading comprehension difficulties or had been confused, careless, uncooperative, or overtly psychotic. File Type PDF Mmpi Interpretation Guide Mmpi Interpretation Guide Assessing Adolescent Psychopathology: MMPI-A / MMPI-A-RF, Fourth Edition provides . /TT2 9 0 R >> >> xZm6 _`\Q:6$Ed[u%Wwg(}hlCrf83Ckr/;w._nz?oewe]}x Q %$$b'o|obo~B~~hcG2 The MMPI test should be used with other assessment tools as well. A similar scale, the Superlative scale, evaluates the degree to which individuals present themselves in a superlative or highly virtuous fashion, while denying problems. HI@ 22Y+4dF -0 endstream endobj startxref 0 %%EOF 125 0 obj <>stream This study aimed to develop a q-set customized for individuals diagnosed with substance abuse or those . Kim S, et al. Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms. Each test version also contains varying content scales, clinical subscales, and supplementary scales. Scale scores shown in bold font are interpreted in the report. Reports often vary. Additionally, the MMPI is copyrighted by the University of Minnesota, which means clinicians must pay to administer and utilize the test. The test is part of a psychological evaluation your clinician will make. The creators of the test felt that the self-report inventories of the time were too transparent. Those who are well-educated and of a high social class tend to score higher on this scale. The present study evaluated the MMPI-3 Validity Scales in the identification of such response bias. Epub 2021 Feb 25. validity information for each recovered and new scale, and convincingly demonstrate that their new Content Cluster approach results in improved prediction and interpretive power. This scale points to difficulty with family and authority figures. This is because the complex scale requires specific training to accurately interpret the results and misinterpreting the results can have harmful consequences, leading to unnecessary distress. College students completed a battery of criterion measures before assignment to a Standard Instructions (SIs) Group (n = 288), an . You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. The related questions concern low morale, overall dissatisfaction in life, and an absence of hope for the future. What to Know About the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. That is, people who are highly educated and getting along well with other individuals, should score moderately high on the K scale. High scorers tend to be more rebellious, while low scorers are more accepting of authority. 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,3,4 1,4 1,5 1.5 . This is more likely than the other possible interpretation, namely that the testee decompensated toward the end of the test from having taken such a long self-report. Studies of MMPI accuracy usually focus on specific uses. The L scale includes items selected to identify examinees who are trying to avoid answering items honestly so as to create an overly positive impression. Flanagan C. (2015). Verywell Mind's content is for informational and educational purposes only. High scores, 13 or more, have responded to the MMPI in a "yea-saying" test set, responding mostly "True". endstream What Is the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale? The MMPI-2 yields scores for ten clusters of mental health issues. Read our, Things to Consider When Taking the MMPI Test, The Use of Self-Report Data in Psychology, How Self-Report Inventories Are Used in Psychology. An example of this is the F-K Index, also known as the Gough Dissimulation Index, for which the raw score on the K (Correction) scale is subtracted from the raw F (Infrequency) scale. In the book Of Psychometric Means: Starke R. Hathaway and the Popularization of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, authors Rebecca Schilling and Stephen T. Casper conclude that the MMPI gives behavioral health professionals a starting point from which to build diagnoses and initiate treatment. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is the most widely used and researched clinical assessment tool utilized by mental health professionals to help diagnose mental health disorders. 8600 Rockville Pike The current study utilized an experimental design to investigate the utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-3 Validity Scales for detecting overreporting and underreporting and the impact of these response sets on substantive scale scores. In: StatPearls [Internet]. There are a variety of versions of the MMPI in general use today: These versions of the test are based on different norms and clinical scales. The MMPI- The following improvements were introduced: new norms more representative of the population This literature is reviewed following a brief discussion of a conceptual framework that guides MMPI-2-RF validity scale interpretation. The comparative capacity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and MMPI-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) validity scales to detect suspected malingering in a disability claimant sample. If you have questions, you should be given the opportunity to ask beforehand by the test administrator. An examination of the association between psychopathy and dissimulation using the MMPI-2-RF validity scales. Others argued that the results indicated possible test bias, while others felt the test itself contained sexist and racist questions. The 338 items of the MMPI-2-RF accommodate a total of 51 scales: 9 Validity Scales and 42 substantive scales. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> This scale is designed to show changes in how a person responded in the first half of the test versus how they responded in the second half by using questions that most normal respondents didn't support. original MMPI scale elevations. It was originally developed to identify people displaying the symptoms of hypochondria, or a tendency to believe that one has an undiagnosed medical condition. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! hb```a``j cb O6(1n`hbK*cRL\ 2 0 obj It also includes items that might reflect delusions. MMPI Test Validity Scales All of the MMPI tests use validity scales of varying sorts to help assess the accuracy of each individual's answers. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was developed in 1937 by clinical psychologist Starke R. Hathaway and neuropsychiatrist J. Charnley McKinley at the University of Minnesota. In addition to specific measures of over- and underreporting, test users can examine various configurations and interrelations of the L, F, and K scales. Disclaimer. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. . A tally of omitted items. All of the MMPI tests use validity scales of varying sorts to help assess the accuracy of each individual's answers. Detecting suicidal risk using MMPI-2 based on machine learning algorithm. English: Nationally representative English-language normative sample designed to match US Census Bureau demographic projections for 2020, 1,620 individuals (810 men and 810 women) ages 18 and older. This information is provided to facilitate interpretation following the recommended structure for MMPI-3 interpretation in Chapter 5 of the MMPI-3 Manual for Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation, which provides details in the text and an outline in Table 5-1. The site is secure. >> 4.rQb$er b2)d}{wxZk6Nl,1'_Oy%^g6p~P*sgr[N'|=dWfd8kaGG1Uw8,f9ea =\?Yq*IrZb6-\. K Scale - Defensiveness (McKinley, Hathaway & Meehl, 1948). People who score high on this scale deliberately try to present themselves in the most positive way possible, rejecting shortcomings or unfavorable characteristics. Remember, elevations on the scales are in comparison to other adolescents, not other people in general 1) so, kids with elevations are experiencing more rebelliousness, for example, than a typical adolescent (who, it could be argued experiences more rebelliousness than a typical adult) B. Validity . S Superlative Self-Presentation Scale (Butcher and Han, 1995) (50 items); based on comparing the responses of male airline pilot applicants with the male MMPI-2 normative sample. Epub 2012 Jul 16. pbmT*Ivxp9$!mSmflO,y?.HsY VRIN - Variable Response Inconsistency scale (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham & Tellegen, 1989). This scale identifies unhealthy overactivity expressed as excitement, elevated and unstable mood, and long strings of ideas. While different versions of the test vary in construction, the MMPI-2 and MMPI-A are made of 10 scales that are used to indicate different psychological conditions. Plus, four ASMR YouTubers, With decades of data from studying real couples, Dr. John Gottman's predictors of divorce are 93% accurate. h4;k1zA80\LJcR%Hl]$G}xV)67dciWyu;%4^[vxz`Kt8c\40L ,`]U9BS2H_Q*E:~+98+GF,6f0l7APn9_ Ms{zy|yo" /G|gEcQO~PB>xw[Q,>}~ti/~qi/ endstream endobj 1939 0 obj <>stream Critics pointed out that the original sample group was inadequate. T scores (mean of 50 and standard deviations of 10) were used to compute the standard scores. It's real and treatable. Pearson. The scale can also show potential substance abuse, emotional or social alienation, eccentricities, and a limited interest in other people. endobj Learn more about. The exception is with those scales developed specically out of the MMPI-2 item pool. A strength of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) is its multiple indicators regarding an examinees approach to the test. Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. Pearson; 2020. Download Ebook Mmpi And Mmpi 2 Interpretation Manual For . MMPI-2 overview. [ /ICCBased 10 0 R ] Note. By Kendra Cherry The results of the MMPI test will give your clinician a sense of what mental health conditions you might be experiencing. 2017 Feb;29(2):199-208. doi: 10.1037/pas0000328. The MMPI will probably never receive total approval or total disapproval. Bookshelf Second, to assess response consistency, the Variable Response Inconsistency (VRIN) and True Response Inconsistency (TRIN) scales are evaluated. Chmielewski M, Zhu J, Burchett D, Bury AS, Bagby RM. 3 0 obj Low scores (T<45), possible fake good profile. Research and clinical applications of q-methodology, in which a set of descriptive statements are sorted into a forced, quasi-normal distribution, have recently been extended to validation of integrated interpretations of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2nd Edition (MMPI-2). Utility of the MMPI-3 validity scales for detecting overreporting and underreporting and their effects on substantive scale validity: A simulation study. Here are the 10 clinical scales of the MMPI-2, which is still the most widely used version of the MMPI. The 567-item MMPI-2 is composed of over 120 scales. The MMPI-2-RF has been in use for five years, during which a substantial literature has accumulated on the nine validity scales of the inventory. gy\=!F;A!EsYLb`B tOkh?jh+@KJ_JJW Rk5z_@,]Iq~{h0f Pearson. Test division. The MMPI-2: An interpretive manual (2nd ed.). MeSH The 42 substan-tive scales consist of the 9 previously developed . Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales (Tellegen et al., Interpretive guidelines and specific cut-off recommendations for all MMPI-A-RF scales are provided in Chapter 7 of the MMPI-A-RF Administration, Scoring, Interpretation, and Technical Manual. The MMPI is a protected psychological test. The 9 Validity Scales consist of 7 revised MMPI-2 validity indicators and two new scales. stream It doesnt use percentile ranks that indicate how well you did on the test. MMPI-2 Training Slides, University of Minnesota Press; 2015. The present study evaluated the MMPI-3 Validity Scales in the identification of such response bias. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Psychological testing is a process in which a series of tests are used to help diagnose and treat mental health conditions. Overall, the MMPI-2s measures of test-taking approach and validity may qualify clinical findings or lend credence to interpretations yielded by the test in multiple situations, particularly in forensic situations such as criminal proceedings as well as in gatekeeping evaluations (e.g., child custody assessments), in which examinees may have motivation to modify their clinical presentation. Determining whether it's mania or hypomania is one step toward finding the best treatment. Because many L scale items are obvious, elevations indicate that the examinee is engaging in a psychologically unsophisticated and naive attempt to portray himself or herself as possessing high moral value, without even minor personal flaws or shortcomings that most individuals would endorse on a self-report test. Mp is highly correlated with Sd, L and S. Mp should only be used along with L and K. If T greater than 60, and L and/or K are also high, there is likely to be a conscious attempt to fake to look good. The test has also been used as a screening instrument for certain professions, especially high-risk jobs, although using it in this manner has been controversial. The recently released Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3) includes a revised set of Validity Scales on which there is currently limited validity and clinical utility evidence for the detection of overreporting. It can also be due to over or underreporting, fixed responding, becoming tired, or being under severe stress. Ds Dissimulation Scale (Gough,1954); (58 items); developed on true neurotics verses normals faking neurosis, Ds measures more exaggeration of neurotic symptoms, whereas F and Fb assesses more exaggeration of psychotic or severe symptoms. Since these tests can be used for circumstances like employment screenings and custody hearings, test takers may not be completely honest in their answers. Its not a test you either pass or fail. Each scale is made of a specific group of questions (unknown to the test. If however, the persons history does not support claims of superior adjustment, and T>65, consider a faking to look good bias. Look for the two highest scores >T64 on the basic MMPI-2 scales (1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,and 0 ). 4 0 obj The MMPI is a well-researched and respected test designed to help mental health professionals diagnose mental health disorders and conditions. adequate measures. We're bending an ear to what experts say about ASMR (autonomous sensory meridian response) sounds and your mental health. (2021). Classification accuracies associated with the overreporting Validity Scale scores were evaluated and generally supported their utility in correctly classifying overreporters and patients. %PDF-1.6 % Ben-Porath YS, Tellegen A. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form. A norm is a statistic or set of statistics (such as average, standard deviations, and score ranges) that researchers compare an individuals score against. The MMPI is most commonly used by mental health professionals to assess and diagnose mental illness, but it has also been utilized in other fields outside of clinical psychology. It includes nine Validity Scales (seven of which are modified versions of the MMPI-2 Validity Scales). endobj The MMPI result will be just one factor in the diagnosis the clinician may make and the treatment theyll recommend. This scale gauges social introversion, which is the tendency to avoid social interactions or feel awkward and withdraw from them. Butcher JN, Graham JR, Ben-Porath YS, Tellegen A, Dahlstrom WG, Kaemmer B. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2. Epub 2015 Dec 16. p|htZ *%LX'R=fYAoP~N^_"^8e&G;(&+bP*^!18O~>.MBg3p4F .h?c> 1'k&%^?MOCuE|x2KQY 194 0 obj <> endobj 209 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9293D942697231FA3B7AFC018BEE216A>]/Index[194 36]/Info 193 0 R/Length 89/Prev 641783/Root 195 0 R/Size 230/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Scores of 13 or more would be considered invalid. Here are a few ways you can support someone experiencing paranoia. of maintaining continuity with the original MMPI, the basic Validity Scales (L, F, and K) were also left unchanged except for deleting four objectionable items from the F Scale, and the MMPI2 Clinical Scales were nearly identical to those of the MMPI. This scale was originally used to measure excessive doubts, compulsions, obsessions, and unreasonable fears. It is important to remember that the MMPI is just one tool that your therapist might use to make a diagnosisthey won't rely on these results alone. The MMPI manual recommends that any test with 30 or more unanswered questions should be declared invalid. Pearson. The MMPI has been revised and updated various times to correct gender and racial bias, and to validate the test against new normative samples. The "symptom validity" scale is used for people who are taking the test because they're claiming that they had a personal injury or disability. 1116 The University of Minnesota Press licenses the test to Pearson Assessments and other companies for sales and distribution. However, some individuals may approach the test in a manner that deviates from this optimal scenario, and MMPI-2 profiles can be interpreted with confidence only when these issues have been addressed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Does taking a personality test give you the jitters? lKVzf5+gALS;!t)Qs6L\tsVD1IK6t,Xm5-as_jDOwN!ZY Q5z)jE!-ZT.+u}T9/jExuk;:A ";xGGHL@R(f 2H0pl@,\`;4(|``X4gc#m-D008L4s8: i`<3B!: da endstream endobj 195 0 obj <>/OCGs[212 0 R]>>/Pages 187 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 196 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 197 0 obj <>stream The MMPI-2 test questions consist of 567 true-false and take approximately 60 to 90 minutes to complete; the MMPI-2-RF has 338 true-false questions, taking 35 to 50 minutes to finish. As with K, if the person is indeed high functioning, a high score accurately measures ego strength. government site. MMPI-3 Interpretive Worksheet Step 1. Instead, be ready to answer the questions as honestly as possible. Interpretation of MMPI-2 Validity Scales. MMPI-2: Assessing personality and psychopathology (4th ed.). stream Very high scores (T> 90) commonly found with psychotic patients. It's a self-reporting inventory that evaluates where. All rights reserved. This scale was designed by the original authors to identify what they referred to as "homosexual tendencies," for which it was largely ineffective. F Scale - Infrequency (Hathaway & McKinley, 1951) (60 items). A scale is a group of questions that measure a persons tendency toward a certain mental health condition. Psychol Assess. (n.d.). Butcher JN, Williams C, Graham JR, Archer RP, Tellegen A, Ben-Porath YS. Verywell Mind articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and mental healthcare professionals. The test can be scored by hand or by a computer, but the results should always be interpreted by a qualified mental health professional that has had extensive training in MMPI interpretation. A high L will submerge scales of obvious psychopathology, and inflate scales of healthy functioning such as the Ego Strength scale. You wont find the test items online, except for a few examples. 1983-2011 Robert M. Gordon, Ph.D. ABPP. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. endobj (2001). Reflecting bizarre sensations, strange thoughts, and peculiar experiences, they were answered in the deviant direction by no more than 10% of an early subsample of the normative sample. endstream If Fb is above T99, and F is not high, then the individual may have randomly responded to the latter part of the test. The paranoia scale identifies aspects of personality, such as grandiose thinking, suspicion toward other people, and rigid thinking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved). {@QpdWKWfIL_gw,FVZ \" HI!/=TuVl_\SUpG#nfHpP:5v[y)jV3DuYZ@(f z$MRJIjyP N;Fs]H0/dh2TsqF'_m?T8z{g/L9>ZLM%\A d9#-5Whoz}jb}V-fJ"b%D%Y8)%r7dD >XfnZc\3nor9tC$a@4J v1oE Specific interpretive cut scores points are available but, generally, high scores (i.e., a significantly higher F than K) indicate overreporting of psychopathology, low scores (i.e., a significantly higher K than F) indicate underreporting of psychopathology, and intermediate scores indicate accurate item endorsement. Here's a brief overview of the clinical scales on the MMPI-2 and the MMPI-A. This scale can help establish the credibility of the test taker. Detection of overreported psychopathology with the MMPI-2-RF [corrected] validity scales. . (MMPI-2) 40 items found after item 280. The "superlative self-presentation" scale was developed in 1995 to look for additional underreporting. It measures people's mental health and provides evidence of mental disorders. They can also measure aspects of mental or social functioning that dont necessarily indicate a disorder. It contains a variety of true/false questions that are scored on a scale used to describe a persons mental processes and how they manage stress. MMPI-3: A new norm [Video file]. There are a variety of both intentional and unintentional reasons people might try to present themselves other than what they are. High scores (>T70), best measure of overall psychopathology, resentment, acting out, moodiness. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2. 48/84 Doesn'tseemtotintoenvironment;odd,peculiar,queer;nonconformingand resenulofauthority;mayespouseradicalreligiousorpolicalviews;errac," This is possibly the best measure of random, or inconsistent responding. Marion BE, Sellbom M, Salekin RT, Toomey JA, Kucharski LT, Duncan S. Law Hum Behav. The highest and lowest T scores possible on each scale are indicated by a "---"; MMPI-2-RF T scores are non-gendered. (2013). These scales overlap, but generally, high scale scores point to a high risk of having a mental health disorder. The True Response Inconsistency (TRIN) scale was developed to detect people who use fixed responding, a method of taking the test without regard to the question, such as marking ten questions "true," the next ten as "false," and so on. Low (