2-10-2005 (Death of a Salesman 56th Anniversary) Works. She told a friend of the encounter, "It was like running into a tree. Mr. Miller: I was by then a well-known writer. Asked why the Communist Party had produced one of his plays, he said, I take no more responsibility for who plays my plays than General Motors can take for who rides in their Chevrolets. Asked about his brief flirtation with Communism, he said, I have had to go to hell to meet the devil, after which one wag quipped that he must have gone there as a tourist. the witch-hunt as part of the hysteria of the McCarthyite period.[2]. Now eighty-nine years old, Kazans impressive body of work includes such late 1940s and early 50s films as ON THE WATERFRONT, EAST OF EDEN, A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE, GENTLEMANS AGREEMENT, and A FACE IN THE CROWD. Arthur Asher Miller. After earning a bachelor of arts degree in 1938 and marrying his college sweetheart, Mary Slattery, Miller struggled to establish himself as a playwright. Miller was willing to sign a statement declaring that he was not and never had been a Communist, but he refused to inform on his friends or fellow writers. Catherine of Aragon. Before Henry became King, that honour was to go to his older brother Prince Arthur. When he and Catherine were both very young Arthur Miller. When The Crucible premiered on Broadway in 1953, the country was in the midst of troubling and frightening period known as McCarthyism, or the Red Scare, which directly informed the play. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! Cameramen and reporters jockeyed for position to catch glimpses of Hollywoods royalty as they arrived at the Academy Awards. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/House-Un-American-Activities-Committee, Spartacus Educational - Un-American Activities Committee, House Committee on Un-American Activities - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [i] The Crucible remains one of Millers most acclaimed plays and its continued revivals have painted an indelible image of the witch-hunt as part of the hysteria of the McCarthyite period. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Wed love to have you back! James Madison HIgh School. These were writers, poets, as far as I could see, and the life of a writer, despite what it sometimes seems, is pretty tough. There is a direction on the part of the chairman to answer the question. Whom did Miller marry soon after he appeared before the HUAC? Mr. Walter: You are directed to answer the question. After the completion of Bus Stop, Marilyn returned to New York amid much speculation that she and Arthur Miller would soon marry. The playwright Arthur Miller handled the HUAC investigations in a far different way to Kazan. Monroe told Lee and Paula Strasberg about what Miller had written. How many minutes is the same as 180 degrees. What do Mary Slattery, Inge, Morth, and Agnes Barley have in common. Together, they next headed to Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. From the Bridge cannot be considered to be a direct rebuttal of On the Waterfront, but there are strong In 2002, Miller's third wife Morath died and he soon was engaged to 34-year-old painter Agnes Barley, but he became ill before they could marry. Paris tells Capulet he'd like to marry Juliet before Romeo meets Mr. Miller: All I can say, sir, is that my conscience will not permit me to use the name of another person (Miller confers with his lawyer). We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. Mr. Arens: That was an application for membership in the Communist Party, was it not? Miller Change). The newlyweds were then to travel to Brussels, Belgium, for the opening of Millers new play, The Crucible, which dissected the 1692 witch hunt trials in Salem, Mass. HUACs actions resulted in several contempt-of-Congress convictions and the blacklisting of many who refused to answer its questions. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? Mr. Arens: Have you ever made application for membership in the Communist Party? What is Reverend Parriss biggest concern? Mr. Arens: Can you tell us who was there when you walked into the room? Shortly after the Broadway premier of Bridge Miller was called before HUAC where he, unlike Kazan, refused to name names. The ancient Greeks could bisect an angle using only a straightedge? Her ongoing substance abuse also made it difficult to get work done on the film. for a customized plan. (LogOut/ (It premiered at Chicagos Goodman Theatre in 2004 under the direction of Robert Falls.). WebArthur Miller End of Mid Life (1952) Researched in Salem for 10 days before writing the play (1953) The Crucible opened on Broadway, now considered a classic (1956) Miller married Marilyn Monroe, had to testify to HUAC, refused to name names, had to pay a fine. Flashcards. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}Chris Rock, Doctors: No Further Hope for Actor Tom Sizemore, Raquel Welchs Mixed Feelings about Her Fur Bikini, Andrea Riseboroughs Oscar Controversy, Explained, 10 Milestones on Viola Davis Road to EGOT Glory. him her love. Though McCarthy initially targeted government employees, thousands of Americans were accused and interrogated during the Red Scare, especially in the entertainment industry. | She didn't like that he'd ignored his principles and did a lackluster rewrite of scenes for her film Let's Make Love. .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Marilyn Monroe's longest marriage was with third husband Arthur Miller. I am here to tell you what I know. But the movie shoot didn't go smoothly and she clashed with Olivier. All My Sons man who sold faulty machine parts to U.S. military during World War II. I put Arthur through a lot, I know. Frequent revivals of The Crucible and Death of a Salesman in both the United States and abroad, including such locations as Beijing and Moscow, are truly a testament to the plays enduring value and universal themes. Send Feedback on this article But this year, along with the manufactured glitz and glamour, there was an anger and vitriol nearly fifty years old. But maybe Im too demanding. Marilyn Monroe was never considered political, yet her image would be entwined with the acclaimed playwright Arthur Miller. At the time of Kazans testimony in 1952, no one was closer to the Director. The relationship between Arthur Miller and the HUAC cannot be called amicable to any extent. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! All My Sons, Death of LeilaniMaynard. Mr. Miller: (Miller confers with his lawyer) I tell you, sir, that I have given my answer. The hearing concluded shortly after this, with Miller continuing to refuse to name any names. But in the end, Miller, just like second spouse Joe DiMaggio, wasn't enough for the fragile actress. In April 1948 the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) sent to the floor for a vote a bill coauthored by Nixon and Rep. Karl Mundt that sought to proscribe many activities of the Communist Party though not to outlaw it altogether; the bill was passed by the House but failed in the Senate. Arthur Miller (19152005) was the author of essays, journals, short stories, a novel, and a childrens book, but is best known for his more than two dozen plays, which include the seminal American dramas Death of a Salesman and The Crucible.A staunch patriot and humanist, Millers work conveys a deeply moral outlook whereby all Died. The executive's threats proved idle, however, because Marilyn's popularity eclipsed whatever slight damage that may been done by her indirect link to HUAC's investigation of domestic communism. A View Read more about the influence of the Soviet Union on literature in George Orwells novel, Animal Farm. But Kazan has his champions-some who think he was right to do what he did, others who think his body of work important enough to justify the recognition. He had two children with Slattery (Jane and Marilyn would soon be flying to London to begin work on her next film, and Miller had applied to regain his passport to accompany her. If you live for 2.4 billion seconds how old will you be? There are clear and obvious parallels between the House Committee on Un-American Activities investigation rooting out of real and suspected communists and the seventeenth-century witch-hunt mania that hit Salem. That is an admonition that this committee must give you in compliance with the decisions of the Supreme Court. I think its very brave of the Academy to honor him, said actor James Coburn, himself nominated for Best Supporting Actor. The two were complete opposites: a movie star sex symbol in love with a cerebral, award-winning playwright. (Miller confers with his lawyer) I will tell you anything about myself, as I have. Monroe traveled to Mexico on January 20, 1961, to obtain a divorce a date chosen in the hopes that John F. Kennedy's inauguration would distract media attention. His request for a new passport brought his name before HUAC once again; Congressman Francis Walter wanted Miller to testify about the alleged misuse of passports by American citizens. As recently as 2015, the Melbourne Theatre Company was reviving the play to great popular and critical success. Francis Eugene Walter (Chairman of HUAC from 1955-1963 and former House Representative from Pennsylvania): You are directed to answer the question, Mr. Miller. Though a formidable group in the early 1950s, HUAC had lost much of its bite after the Red-baiting Wisconsin senator Joseph McCarthy finally overstepped the bounds of propriety in 1954, and was censured by a Special Senate Committee. 20% Now, Mr. Chairman, I ask that you again direct the witness to answer the question. Other peers of Millers, such as playwright Clifford Odets and actor Lee J. Cobb, also testified. Together, they next headed to England so Monroe could work on The Prince and the Showgirl with Laurence Olivier. Omissions? Directed by Elia Kazan, the play received immediate acclaim, running for 328 performances and winning the New York Drama Critics Circle Award and two Tony Awards. When he tried to attend the plays Belgian premiere in 1954, the State Department denied his passport renewal application due to his potential communist sympathies, and HUAC subpoenaed Miller when he tried to renew his passport again in 1956. But he also put me through a lot." While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. This site is dedicated to articles about cinema and its place in history. "Whoever is writing in the United States is using the American Dream as an ironical pole of his story. How do family and peers affect decisions about clothing? Holding up Miller's passport and complicating the marriage plans was a subpoena to appear before the House Un-American Activities Committee. he tells marry warren to go to the judge and tell the truth In the play, a Why is Rebecca Nurse accused of witchcraft? her. My feelings toward that terrible era are unchanged, he wrote in The Guardian, but at the same time history ought not to be rewritten. He was called long after the early investigations and he believed that his marriage to Hollywoods most popular actress Marilyn Monroe helped spark the interest of the HUAC investigators. Miller's answer seemed to encapsulate his relationship with the press for the next few years: "It is your job versus my privacy. 1923 Sees first play--a melodrama at the Schubert Theater. When I say this I want you to understand that I am not protecting the Communists or the Communist Party. Mr. Arens: Do you know or have you known a person by the name of Arnaud DUsseau? From at least the 1930s, the term witch-hunt has been used allegorically to describe investigations by governments to seek out and expose perceived and real political enemies, fostering a degree of social fear. Miller has been married three times: to Mary Grace Slattery in 1940, Marilyn Monroe in 1956, and photographer Inge Morath in 1962, with whom he lives in Connecticut. Elia Kazan did sufficient extraordinary work in theater and film to merit acknowledgement.. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% Mr. Arens: Was anyone there who, to your knowledge, was not a Communist? A senator named Joseph McCarthy exploited fears of communist takeover to consolidate his own political power, fanning the flames of hysteria by collecting names of suspected communists, often without evidence. 29 August 2007. Mr. Miller: I wouldnt remember. Mr. Arens: This record shows, does it not, Mr. Miller, that these were Communist Party meetings? Web2001. similarities. Broadway did not have a blacklist. Mr. Miller: In 1939 I believe it was or in 1940 I went to attend a Marxist study course in the vacant store open to the street in my neighborhood in Brooklyn. BiblioWeb: webapp01 Version 4.9.1 Last updated 2023/02/16 09:33. In the spring of 1956, he went to Nevada to establish residency so he could divorce his wife. days before Romeo was infatuated with Rosaline, who did not return With this Just as in The Crucible, the HUAC promised clemency in exchange for condemning others, leading to many false accusations and creating terrible guilt for those who did testify. Monroe also tried to embrace a quieter life of cooking and homemaking. The Crucible was first performed at the Martin Beck Theater on Broadway on 22nd January, 1953. Who did Arthur Miller marry? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Besides, there was no director more in demand in the theater than Elia Kazan. WebIn 1956, Miller divorced the mother of his two children, Mary Slattery, and married Marilyn Monroe. Monroe believed this indicated his respect for her, which was more than enough to make him stand out from other men she knew. before. How many degrees does a isosceles triangle have? Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. A regular user and abuser of pills and alcohol, Monroe blamed herself for the last miscarriage. Who invited you there? In January 1964, Miller's play After the Fall premiered in New York. Crucible (Noun) A severe test John Proctor -Partly autobiographical character Richard Arens (counsel for HUAC and a former aide to Senator McCarthy): Do you know a person by the name of Sue Warren? Years later, Marilyn would reveal that a certain executive from Twentieth Century-Fox -- probably president Spyros Skouras -- had pressured her to persuade Miller to cooperate with the Committee. We are living in a time when there is great uncertainty in this country I am trying to delve to the bottom of this and come up with a positive answer, but I have had to go to hell to Broadway premiere of meet the devil. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Monroe even forged a relationship with his friends Norman and Hedda Rosten to get closer to the playwright. and Terms in this set (30) Born. Learn. Monroe was Miller's second wife, after Mary Slattery (whom Miller divorced just before marrying Monroe in 1956). creating and saving your own notes as you read. The State Department ordered the passport division to issue Miller a passport -- quickly. Alternate titles: Committee on Un-American Activities, Committee to Investigate Un-American Activities, Dies Committee, HUAC. I have written All my Sons, and a novel Focus, and a book of Reportage about Ernie Pyle and my work with him on attempting to make the picture The Story of GI Joe. I certainly endorse the request for direction. I wouldnt make it any tougher for anybody. She experienced a miscarriage in September 1956, lost an ectopic pregnancy in August 1957, and had a second miscarriage in December 1958, shortly after she'd finished shooting Some Like It Hot. Monroe was particularly devastated by her inability to give birth to Miller's child. Miller readily conceded the committees right to inquire into his own political activities. On this day in 1956, playwright Arthur Miller testified before the House Committee on Un-American Activities about his political leanings but refused to name others who had joined him in his pro-Communist undertakings. Please wait while we process your payment. "The American Dream is the largely unacknowledged screen in front of which all American writing plays itself out," Arthur Miller has said. longshoreman informed immigration authorities of wifes two relatives who were This meant he was likely to receive a contempt citation from Congress. For many, Kazans brilliant career-all that he contributed to the theater, to film, to letters-will be tainted by a single decision he was forced to make some fifty years ago. When Miller, instructed by Kazan, took Monroe to a party, he didn't act on his obvious attraction to her. Mr. Arens: Could I just interject this question so that we have it in the proper chronology? Mr. Miller: I would not say that. During the proceedings Marilyn supported Miller both privately and publicly, telling newsreel reporters that she believed her future husband would win his case. Miller had written a screenplay about the Brooklyn waterfront, The Hook, for Kazan to direct. Why is Elizabeth Proctor accused of witchcraft? Kazan had directed two of Millers plays: All My Sons, and Death of a Salesman. In the jurisdiction of this committee he has been requested to tell this committee who were in attendance at these meetings. Richard Nixon was an active member in the late 1940s, and the committees most celebrated case was perhaps that of Alger Hiss. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. on 50-99 accounts. Although Miller was never officially blacklisted and his conviction was overturned the following year, the experience affected him deeply. Why doesnt John Proctor attend church often? Soon Miller and Monroe embarked upon an affair, despite the fact that he remained a married man. At his hearing, Miller talked quite openly about himself and his political beliefs. Many in Hollywood are still outraged about that time in U.S. history when people who were blacklisted by the studios-writers, directors, and actors-never worked again, fled the country, worked under aliases, or even, in one extreme case, committed suicide. Miller was finding the peace and emotional quiet he required to write lacking, while Monroe had come to resent her husband. As crummy as that is, how many people can say that their spouse left them for which linked the HUAC investigations to the Salem witch-hunts. Although its anti-American themes sparked controversy, Death of a Salesman ran for 742 performances and won the Tony Award for Best Play, the Pulitzer Prize for Drama and the New York Drama Critics Circle Award. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. This portion of his testimony is near the end of the proceedings. Its influence had waned by the 1960s; in 1969 it was renamed the Internal Security Committee, and in 1975 it was dissolved. The couple divorced in 1961. Claiming that the need for legislation to control Communist activities was unquestionable, the bill asserted in part: Ten years of investigation by the Committee on Un-American Activities and by its predecessors have established: (1) that the Communist movement in the United States is foreign-controlled; (2) that its ultimate objective with respect to the United States is to overthrow our free American institutions in favor of a Communist totalitarian dictatorship to be controlled from abroad; (3) that its activities are carried on by secret and conspiratorial methods; and (4) that its activities, both because of the alarming march of Communist forces abroad and because of the scope and nature of Communist activities here in the United States, constitute an immediate and powerful threat to the security of the United States and to the American way of life. Arthur Miller married three times: Mary Slattery (1940-1956), Marilyn Monroe (1956-1961), and Inge Morath (1962-2002). After earning a bachelor of arts degree in 1938 and marrying his college sweetheart, Mary Slattery, Miller struggled to establish himself as a playwright. Continue to start your free trial. Miller, who struggled at the time so mightily with his personal moral failing, emerged as the exemplar of courage in face of the Red scare. Mr. Chairman, may I interrupt? No he didn't. Her ex husband Joe DiMaggio took care of her burial arrangements and forbade any of her showbusiness friends and acquaintances to att Arthur Miller is recognized as one of the most important figures in 20th century American theater, as well as an activist who drew public attention to controversial political and social issues of his time. Arthur Miller was born in New York City in 1915. Its financing was too diffuse, which made it impossible for a few men to institute a blacklist as had been done in movies, radio, and television. Mr. Arens: I ask you now, sir, whether or not Sue Warren was in attendance at this meeting of the Communist Party writers held in New York City in 1947? Miller refused to name any other person and his approach earned him a contempt citation from Congress. "How he thought I was some kind of angel but now he guessed he was wrong. However, in the years since they'd first met, she'd become a star. Once a reporter attempted to rationalize his conduct to Miller by declaring, "We only bother you about this because people want to know." She'd idealized Miller and was devastated by what she viewed as a betrayal. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. (Miller confers with his lawyer) Is that correct? All My Sons, A View from the Bridge, The Crucible, & Pulitzer for Death of Salesman, February 10, 2005 from congestive heart failure, Name another play that Miller wrote beside The Crucilble, Why was Miller brought before the House of Un-American Activities Committee. As his Miller and Monroe got married on June 29, 1956, in a judge's office in White Plains, New York; a Jewish ceremony followed on July 1. Mr. Arens: Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest that the witness be ordered and directed to answer the question as to who it was that he saw at these meetings. Certainly, both wanted to put an end to the circus atmosphere. Read more about the influence of the Soviet Union on literature in George Orwells novel. Elia Kazan, one of Americas great directors, was to receive a Lifetime Achievement Award, and this honor had divided Hollywood. His best-known plays include 'All My Sons,' 'The Crucible' and the Pulitzer Prize-winning 'Death of a Salesman.' There was the normal buzz about Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Outfit. Test. In 1957, Miller was found guilty of contempt of Congress, denied a passport and sentenced to a $500 fine or 30 days in jail. A year before DiMaggio and Monroe, began their ill-fated marriage, on January 22, 1953 the play The Crucible held its premiere at the Martin Beck Theatre in New York. Did the girls really see the Devil or witches? Following the end of World War II the Soviet Union was a powerful enemy of the United States, and both countries were engaged in mutual distrust and amassment of nuclear power that came to be called the Cold War. However, his application resulted in a subpoena to appear before the House Un-American Activities Committee to testify about his ties to Communism. We have to stay with each other because it would be bad for the film if we split up now.". acclaimed plays and its continued revivals have painted an indelible image of It was of no interest to me and I didnt return. Monroe first encountered Miller in 1950. Subscribe now. Mr. Miller: I am trying to elucidate my position on the relation of art. This article was originally published in 2009 while Kenneth J. Knirck was a graduate student at California State University, Chico. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Discount, Discount Code The Crucible, represents the paranoia about communism that pervaded America in the 1950s. Monroe was delighted by her marriage, saying at one point, "This is the first time Ive been really in love." The exact words she read are unknown, but they related that Miller was disappointed by their marriage and sometimes found Monroe embarrassing. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Dont have an account? Her relationship with Miller, and everyone else, came to an end after she died from a drug overdose on August 5, 1962. As the trials wore on, Miller traveled between Massachusetts and New York, researching what he saw as a clear correlation between the Red Scare and the Salem witch trials, both of which depended on a mass hysteria propelled by fear. Dalton Trumbo, (born December 9, 1905, Montrose, Colorado, U.S.died September 10, 1976, Los Angeles, California), American screenwriter and novelist who I dont recall and I havent been able to recall and, if I could, I would tell you the exact nature of that application. Given their relationship, Monroe, therefore, risked losing the affection of the moviegoing public. http://kentuckypress.com/live/title_detail.php?titleid=4645 Miller was (LogOut/ about how everything is a lie and also told her to tell the judge Embed from Getty Imageswindow.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'K18M5XfERblAKjq5yWRoKg',sig:'IGuOFCpitTM51uNqD0eBd9-SKzpz_63Qie5vILvX_PU=',w:'594px',h:'436px',items:'515025468',caption: true ,tld:'com',is360: false })}); Arthur Miller was called before the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1956, as HUACs power was waning. Mr. Scherer: There is a question before the witness; namely, to give the names of those individuals who were present at the Communist Party meeting of Communist writers. Between Miller's problems with Congress and the possibility of marriage between the Beauty and the Brain, the media attention hurled at Miller and Marilyn in the summer of 1956 became unbearable. He was called before the committee on June 21, 1956, and asked to disclose the names of suspected communists. Mr. Miller: They were held in someones apartment. Sometimes it can end up there. Watch the 2022 One Book, One Chicago keynote, Are you enjoying this season's One Book, One, Has this season of One Book, One Chicago and the, The Crucible: One Book, One Chicago Fall 2007, Express Yourself: Creativity-Sparking Books. However, she ignored this advice, remaining loyal to Miller both publicly and privately. made several artistic responses to the HUAC investigations through his plays A View From the Bridge (1955) and The Crucible (1953). Monroe was also sleeping with Miller's friend, director Elia Kazan, who was in Los Angeles to pitch a screenplay with Miller. Mr. Jackson: I am not satisfied with that. Rita Moreno: Just a Girl Who Decided to Go For It, Lorraine Hansberry: Sighted Eyes/Feeling Heart, Laura Linney on mastering acting at Juilliard, S1 Ep1: Arthur Miller: Private Conversations. Though their relationship had ended years before, he obviously never forgot her. When Miller refused, he was charged with contempt of Congress and convicted, but he was acquitted on appeal a year later. And yet, Miller sided with those who believed Kazan should be honored. All My Sons, A View from the Bridge, The Crucible, & Pulitzer for Mr. Walter: Of course, you can do that, but I understand this is about the end of the hearing. The Crucible allegory for Senator McCarthys ongoing persecution of suspected Communists. What causes tension between John and Elizabeth Proctor? Corrections? To the movie star, Miller seemed to give her that true sense of affection and safety; to the playwright, Monroes fierce loyalty to him during his HUAC testimony was forever a blessing. Renews March 10, 2023 It will be an interesting moment in what otherwise promises to be a dull evening.. How many 5 letter words can you make from Cat in the Hat? main point of the hearings was to have the accused make a public confession, to (Miller confers with his lawyer) Mr. Walter, could I ask you to postpone this question until the testimony is completed and you can gage for yourself? "Leave me alone, fellas," she would implore, as photos of her in old clothes and without makeup would be wired to papers across the country. Monroe wanted to be with Miller, who seemed to offer her both love and the sense of security she'd always yearned for. We have only a few more questions. I did research for that, so that by the time I was quite well known, and I attended these meetings in order to locate my ideas in relation to Marxism because I had been assailed for years by all kinds of interpretations of what communism was, what Marxism was, and I went there to discover where I stood finally and completely, and I listened and said very little, I think, the 4 or 5 times.
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