Who were the Exodusters? Grant won the 1868 presidential election by a landslide in the Electoral College, but only won the popular vote by 300,000 ballots. Locate the vocabulary word gesticulation in the text. endstream endobj startxref Jabir ibn Hayyan replaced the.. of a misinformed philosophy with the rigors of objective experimentation. _ Following the presentations, the teacher may also wish to lead the class in a discussion of the methodology of this activity, asking students to examine the ways in which maps, pictures, and original documents expanded their understanding of the topic. WebEvaluating Reconstruction As the Civil War was drawing to a close in 1865, President Lincoln began making plans for the physical, economic, social and political rehabilitation of a region What was the Civil Rights Act of 1875? View Screenshot 2023-03-01 at 8.13.38 PM.png from SOCIAL STUDIES 58557 at Mt Zion High School. Write a short essay on how social contexts surrounding a person can contribute to his or her upbringing, beliefs and overall quality of life. follow the worksheet and think about how this person would feel about Reconstruction. Explain your choice. WebReconstruction Question 6 900 seconds Q. Which group was still not aloud to vote? Previous Question 4 Reconstruction Flashcards | Quizlet beOai4sA 'aKjlNa )u1d[I{4{[ @vKZtQUGm1)V8'. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like sharecropping, Freedman's Bureau, Wade-Davis Plan and more. President Ulysses S. Grant presided over the waning days of Reconstruction. WebWhat is Reconstruction? The four states did not rejoin the Union until 1870. Sharecropping practices kept many African Americans in working conditions that werent a significant improvement over slavery. [6O;},DLJ ^;4Orqb.:)O.FXl-%}ZXMHlxixt0CM@)Ymr3xQwv_D&?Qe2}=4#r"A: %QHW)/7+ "IG D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina, Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, Excerpt from the testimony of Henry Blake, 1937. WebReconstruction refers to the period 1) the period before the Civil War 2) the period after the Civil War 3) the era of civil rights movement 4) the era after the Revolutionary War 2. the The 15th Amendment became an unenforced dead letter by the late nineteenth century. %PDF-1.5 % Think. 436 0 obj <>stream Evaluating Reconstruction - Central/Southern Tier RAEN It required a majority of voters in each Confederate state to swear their allegiance to the US before rejoining the Union, It prohibited Confederate officials and military leaders from voting or holding office. Much of the South lay in ruins with Segregation laws would sunset and have to be repealed within the next 20 years. and use your Reconstruction Notes to answer the questions below. While it could be used in a derogatory way, it did notin every casesuggest racist attitudes or carry the stigma that it does today. ]~ys6i`>lp=xY9'X\eQS%'#H 'Id~ti+i0q>?5 xL*m18&) B:17R#Y#>\ He pushed for the establishment of the Department of Justice in 1870, which was tasked with investigating acts of violence against African Americans. dzB;. Reconstruction aimed to bring the southern states back into the Union, reestablish southern loyalty to the United States Constitution, integrate freed slaves into society, and repair the southern economy that no longer had the advantage of slave labor. Booth, a stage actor, had ties to the Confederate cause. The central question of Reconstruction was how to reunite a badly divided country fractured by four years of civil war. corruption did not come to an end. Why was the Battle of Midway a turning point in the war in the Pacific? Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Our Brother in Black: His Freedom and Our Future, 1881, William Robert Houghton, Two Boys in the Civil War and After, An AutobiographyA Southern Colored Woman, Lesson 1: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Aftermath of War, Lesson 2: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Politics of Reconstruction, The Battle Over Reconstruction: Southern Recovery. the amendment stating that all people born in the US have the same rights and are all born equal under the law. A Short Overview of the Reconstruction Era and Ulysses S. Grant's In all, the history of Reconstruction was an object lesson in the limitations of persuasion in politicsas was the history of the Civil War that preceded it. Who did it benefit? What terms did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 put in place for the Southern states who had not yet ratified the Fourteenth Amendment? But how much really changed? plan was the easiest on the South? no, although many blacks stopped participating. They were codes or rules created by southerners after the Civil War to restrict the new rights and freedoms of African American in the south. Reconstruction was successful in helping to reunite a divided country. hb```c``e`f`xb,@($yQAI &l&a81r``Hs20A4 dUf ` Finally, each state legislature had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. Another useful resource is the Educator Resourcesof the National Archives, which features a set of Document Analysis Worksheets. What was the purpose behind the Black Codes? Amnesty was granted to any southerner who took an oath of allegiance, with the exception of Confederate officials, officers, and wealthy landowners. It also made it difficult to enforce Republican plans for Reconstruction or the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution. Equally important, the concept of "civil rights" was established during this period. They were more familiar with the places where most battles occured. Who was the Republican leader in the House? `a{/uXZO`qf\ v-Nf. All the of the African American were expelled in 1868 when whites said that the Constitution gave freedmen the right to vote, but never explicitly said they had the right to run for and hold an office because they were once slaves. Again, there were many reasons for the poor government in the South, including violence and sabotage from groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the racial animosity that inspired them, a general unwillingness to accept the political and social implications of equality under the law, and a lingering deep resistance to the idea of the supremacy of the Constitution and Union to state and local authority in matters of national significance. The teacher may also wish to explain to the students the use of the word Negro in some of these documents. To the north, it looked like slavery in a new form. You have not finished your quiz. To assist Confederate prisoners in returning home safely. Borrowed what they needed on credit from the owner, it was a bad because the farmer always owed more money than they made on the farm, leaving them stuck in this system. Compose and turn in for a grade a 2-4 page brief for the historian in Activity 2 that more fully evaluates the views presented in the document covered by his or her group. exodusters- black refugees fleeing north or west from depression and violence. first hand documnets or eye witness accounts from this time. and any corresponding bookmarks? A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union. Rather than working with congressmen who might have supported his Reconstruction plan, Johnson alienated potential political allies by vetoing legislation intended to ensure civil rights for African Americans. In Grants opposition to the Tenure of Office Act (passed during Johnsons term in 1867), which required Senate approval of all presidential appointments and dismissals, many believed that Grant evinced the kind of political fortitude necessary to set things aright. How did the results of Reconstruction policy shape the politics of the reconstructed states and the nation at large? How did the stereotype of carpetbaggers compare with the reality? ISAISIP TAYAHIN Aling isyu na may kinalaman sa paggalang sa buhay ng tao ang tumutukoy A. Ipakita ang iyong pagkaunawa sa ma konseptong tinatalakay sa pamamagitan paglalaglag sa sanggol mula sa. Women's groups withdrew support to work on woman's suffrage. The Ku Klux Klan was a secretive, racist organization who used violence and fear to intimidate freedmen and whites that supported freedmen. The new state legislatures adopted socalled black codes to keep the newly freed African Americans, or freedmen, in their place. Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain, February 17, 1868 during the South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Excerpt from Senator Carl Schurz of Missouri, Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain. It gave all men, regardless of race, the ability to vote in the United States. The citizens of the South had to take an oath of loyalty, and once 10% of the state had taken the oath the state could rejoin the Union. endstream endobj 115 0 obj <>stream B 9. If loading fails, click here to try again. Once you are finished, click the button below. With the assistance of original historical documents, students will consider the ways different perceptions from leading political figures about the outcomes of Reconstruction affected the political debate and the political future of the nation. C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI Print out all material from the Text Documents, and make the appropriate number of copies for the students. xT+&DLeD Ulysses S. Grant, Gen Commander of the Union forces in the Civil War. Grant was nearly universally revered by the time of his death in 1885. There were also a number of members in Congress who were involved in the Crdit Mobilier scandal, which involved the Union Pacific Railroad and federal contracts for the first Transcontinental Railroad. Ulysses S. Grant was confronted with these momentous questions upon his election to the presidency in 1868. Established in March 1865, the Bureau had provided blacks in the South with material assistance, schools, and guidance in settling on abandoned land. and then to be taken up again in the Civil Rights struggles of the 20th century. EDSITEment is a project of theNational Endowment for the Humanities, Smithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era, America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War, Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation, Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis, Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869, The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends, Next Over the next two years, partially due to the help of newly enfranchised African American male voters, all ten states complied with the Reconstruction Acts mandates. Reconstruction in Practice. Each document corresponds to one of the five Topics in the After Reconstruction section of the interactive. In this activity, students will be asked to imagine that they are research assistants gathering evidence for a prominent historian (the teacher) during the years following Reconstruction. Several states refused to either repudiate the huge debt produced by the war or unconditionally accept the Thirteenth Amendment. Congressmen? This represented the reversal of that portion of the Dred Scott decision which ruled that black people were not and could not become citizens of the United States or enjoy any of the privileges and immunities of citizenship. President Johnsons view of African Americans was: That they should be granted equal rights to whites, including voting rights, That they should be granted equal rights to whites, but not voting rights, That they should not be granted equal rights to whites. The new legislation was passed in July over Johnson's veto. hVKo@+{l>[" mD1j*E9Uvwf]R0p#\hXbX@" kB" z5:w[*aUwiD2[Av4ft?eSdMN'Vm'yl9/fh-5E"$tXM_=?)[1ZX&/rW-]gK@0Xmzf7+U-"jE1ENM|:2!US.N,'(g({e]a]X`6K(R(:eFF| hwAocF@s00Zm/~;?VJoI(s` }L 6k'pU]sT@VY&Cv; XH8FgCL=rM5Ax6Kv$8u#+8>&`v ? The Freedmen's Bureau helped most in the area of education. #o`9} }#9BNDo9L(]xA g|XW.o&pI.78DBjV]^;. Women still could not vote. Gave blacks curfews and did not allow them to carry guns. Economic Growth and Development 18151860, Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends. TQSCQIf@*$ Moreover, the horrors of the late war were alive in the memories of most Americans and the real or imagined threat of resumed and open hostilities operated with more persuasive force than the best of arguments. HUn0+(cj , @X! All of the amendments were made to protect former slaves and their rights but on paper they did not have any rights. Many Southerners were scared of rebellion. Demonstrate their ability to navigate through a statistical map interactive. At every step, Congress intervened and put laws in place that circumvented and, in some cases, limited the Presidents authority. The WadeDavis Bill was proposed by the Radical Republicans who sought to punish the South for their rebellion and to reinforce the expectation of loyalty and obedience to the federal government. Many went to work in the mills. It formally brought the Southern states back into the Union. 2. This helped to shape the national political debate for generations. He talked about punishing the traitors and breaking up the large plantations, but at the same time, he supported states' rights and had little sympathy for blacks. Granted citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law. WebThe Reconstruction period lasted from 1865 to 1877. 414 0 obj <> endobj As resistance and violence continued to spread in the South, Republican resolve began to weaken. Following Lincoln's assassination, the task of implementing Reconstruction fell to his vice president, Andrew Johnson. many had borrowed form the merchants who forclosed on them when they could not pay. The great political battles of the era were full of interesting reflections and assertions about the nature and purpose of America and American government. HUKo0WhUK( Grant's victory came in large part to nearly 500,000 black voters in the South who overwhelmingly voted for him and the Republican party during the election. What tactics were used? Question 11 30 seconds Q. Students will be organized into five small groups, each of which will be assigned a document and a set of worksheet questions. the South divided into 5 military districts, endstream endobj 110 0 obj <>/Metadata 10 0 R/Outlines 25 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 107 0 R/StructTreeRoot 32 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 111 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 112 0 obj <>stream WebActivity #2: Evaluating ReconstructionThe Fourteenth Amendment Directions: It is the year 1877 and, in the wake of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes, Union troops finally have been The First Reconstruction Act (March 1867) invalidated the state governments established under Johnson's policies (except the government of Tennessee, which had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment) and divided the former Confederacy into five military districts. Northern Republicans who moved down South, often with intentions of helping rebuild Southern society. The impeachment of Johnson. WebOne of the main goals of Military Reconstruction was to ensure that voting rights were granted to African American men. Johnson toured the nation, where he gave speeches opposing the radicals in Congress. Turn in their completed worksheets from Activities 1 and 2 for a grade. Most people in the Union supported the Confederacy's They were seen as Yankees that were trying to take over the southern states' governments. endstream endobj 117 0 obj <>stream He placed North Carolina and eventually other states under appointed provisional governors chosen mostly from among prominent southern politicians who had opposed the secession movement and had rendered no conspicuous service to the Confederacy. The Jim Crow era replaced Reconstruction and ushered in a new era of racial segregation, violence, and murder well into the twentieth century. The states were allowed to ignore the Fourteenth Amendment. These conditions made it quite difficult for the Republican Party to get much of a foothold in the South among any except black voters and those who had relocated from the North. WebThe largest weapons factories were located in the South. hZy\L 3!--[D)aC., How might a fact like this have affected opinions on questions such as civil rights, government contracts for major infrastructure improvements (such as railroads) and shaped views on questions such as education? The Fifteenth Amendment was designed to allow all male citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. This was a bold and progressive change to Americas Constitution, however feelings of racism persisted throughout the wounded nation. These groups will take on the role of special investigative committees reporting to a Congressional committee examining the effects of Reconstruction. The authors of the documents were selected to show a variety of contrasting views and also to reflect the different ways that Reconstruction affected various populations. Upon completing this lesson, students will begin to see the ways in which a political and constitutional crisis emboldened some lasting divisions within American society and, perhaps what is more important, the ways in which the crisis forged a new path for a stronger and more perfect Union. Underline each complement and indicate what kind of complement each one is. ;R5p c-Ncc:ey].Ai4d1]'M-azo!/,'Kx5,:aC;C .Qhg Johnson denounced the Fourteenth Amendment and urged the southern states not to ratify it. The teacher may also wish to begin thinking about how the class is to be divided into small groups (3-5 is suggestedbut the teacher should judge the correct size based on the size of the class) as several of the activities in this lesson involve small group work. endstream endobj 418 0 obj <>stream Lincoln: The states should be reintegrated into the Union when ten percent Worked a piece of land for a fixed share of the crop. _Rd~HYzA?NMDDJHojx,zZ gk3pi:A2!I,8X^78ZrT]RruNx6 was the purpose of the Ku Klux Klan? Provided food, clothes, transportation, etc. No. Some of this language may be difficult for students to understand without some guidance. The worksheet provided in the Text Document for Activity 1 asks two sets of questions: one set relates to the document, and the other relates to the corresponding section of the interactive. pF{:RTV a person from the northern states who went to the South after the Civil War to profit from the Reconstruction. If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. For this activity, the students will use the interactive maps [temporarily located at http://civclients.com/nehint/recon/] as well as the documents specified below that can be found in the Text Document for Activity 1. >YpVE$r#]Y@ -7}bKfl[83 The term was used derisively by white Southern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction legislation. In any event, these Northern carpetbaggers were viewed as outsiders and exploiters by many who formerly had been loyal to the Confederacy. Evaluating Saliency maps reveal directly how much a change in each input pixel would affect reconstruction loss, while each pixel's reconstruction error may be attributed to many input pixels when layers are fully connected. Who was one of the first black representatives in the Georgia Assembly? endstream endobj 114 0 obj <>stream What are the Constitutional Grounds for impeachment? It helped maintain schools for black kids and insured fairness of labor contracting. 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In May 1865, with Congress out of session, Johnson began to implement his own Reconstruction program. WebList the groups in chronological order that ran and controlled the Reconstruction process in the US Government. However, what gains were made in the realm of civil rights were under assault by the time Grant died and almost completely destroyed by the turn of the century. #;ou20/. answer choices They had to have enough money to pay poll tax and had to pass a literacy test. a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land, formally known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, was established in 1865 by Congress to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War. Southern voters also elected to Congress highranking Confederate officials and officers, some of whom had not received one of the thirteen thousand pardons Johnson issued during the summer of 1865. After completing both sections of the worksheet, the group should discuss what they have learned about their topic through the interactive and the document. After the impeachment of Andrew Johnson and the ascendancy of Congress in directing Reconstruction policy, the realities of enforcing their well-meaning goals soon dimmed the enthusiasm of many Republicans. What synonym clue shows up in the next paragraph? In this sense Reconstruction failed not because of President Grant or even because of southern opposition to civil rights, but because an entire nation--North, South, and West--lost the political and moral will to support the cause of equality before the law. gave blacks equal access to public accommodations 0 Georgia, along with Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia, had to satisfy an additional condition: ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibited the states from denying a citizen the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Congress was divided among Radical, Moderate, and Conservative Republicans and Democrats. Laws passed by the South during Presidential Reconstruction that regulated the lives of freed slaves. The teacher may also wish to visit the two EDSITEment-reviewed websites mentioned above for additional background material concerning reconstruction: America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War and Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Freedmen's Bureau, Reconstruction, Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan and more. WebThe Emancipation Proclamation had freed only those enslaved in rebellious states, leaving many enslaved peoplemost notably, those in the border statesin bondage; furthermore, it did not alter or prohibit the institution of slavery in general. The process of rebuilding the South after the Civil War. It helped the Republicans seat more than 2/3 majority in the House and Congress. The vote in the Senate was thirtyfive to nineteen in favor of conviction, one short of the necessary twothirds majority. His policies after he became president were even more lenient than Lincoln's, and they caused a confrontation with the Radical Republicans in Congress that culminated in his impeachment. 10% plan What was Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction called? Poll taxes prevented poor citizens from being able to vote. In actuality carpetbaggers were people who came down from the North to help freedmen and poor whites through the Freedmen's Bureau. It gave women the right to vote in the United States. Who did the Fifteenth Amendment formally grant the right to vote in 1870? Was corruption now any less? Where did most black Americans live in 1900? Northern Democrats who moved into former Confederate-controlled states with the intention of upsetting Radical Reconstruction plans. Think about the italicized questions After reading their assigned document, students should answer the document questions on their worksheet and then proceed to the interactive to answer those questions. How did many Southern states work around the voting rights guaranteed in the Fifteenth Amendment? He told the southern states to reject it. What was the purpose of the Freedmens Bureau? It gave native born blacks citizenship. The speeches backfired. 0. To help African Americans, particularly those who had been enslaved, adjust to life with increased rights and responsibilities, To ensure that white voters supported anti-slavery laws and policies. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 guaranteed African Americans in Copy of Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Activity.docx, Karen-Hernandez_Evaluating_Reconstruction_Interactive_Activity, Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Project.docx, Janmarco Ordonez Romero - Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Project.pdf, Linh Ho - Reconstruction Notes Questions.docx, Deysha Macrae Reconstruction assignment.docx, HIS 121-W1 Ch. Removing #book# The Presidential Plans (Lincoln and Johnson), the Congressional Reconstruction It was thought the freed slaves would be forced to work. If the teachers students have little experience evaluating primary source documents, there are several websites that include activities to help students develop these skills. He antagonized the northern voters. How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? Yes, a few. Southern States had to approve the 13Amendment 2) Southern states had to nullify seceding from the union. The historian (i.e., the teacher) will preside over the presentations and discussions and help the class distill the information gathered so that the class, together, can compose a two-page brief for the historian summarizing the impact of the Reconstruction debate over voting rights on the politics of the nation in 1877.