If we have a problem, Ill clear it up at six ten..left traffic for this runway. "I just felt like all the technicians here needed to be reminded that there are human beings involved," said Earlene Shaw, 65, of Olympia, Wash., whose husband, Don Shaw, 63, died on Flight 261. 8600 Rockville Pike Ricky Blakely and First Officer Conrad Jules Aska were killed Feb. 23, when the Boeing 767 cargo jetliner heading to Houston went in nose first. 273 lives were tragically lost in this accident. Contact New York Departure, Good Morning. That's it, that's it, that's it, down, down. 0914:41 P Clear left This page was last edited on 6 July 2021, at 03:37. This instructor described the captain's decision-making abilities as very good. The airplane rotated normally around the Charlie intersection of the runway. Box 930097, Rockaway Beach, NY 11693-0097. The two pilots and one non-revenue jumpseat pilot were fatally injured. designed to shear off on impact - but because the approach lights were located on the unstable river bank, they were firmly anchored and the impact destroyed the aircraft. Thompson, 53, of Redlands told Tansky such pressure by the dispatcher "just drives me nuts," according to the transcript. This aircraft was bound for Los Angeles and lost while departing Chicago's O'Hare on 5/25/79. Pilot Sean Archuleta, Capt. Go out the Bridge five thousand feet the top. HOUSTON, Texas (KTRK) -- The final words said by crew members on board the doomed Atlas Air. I don't want to die. Then, as the nose of Lion Air Flight 610 repeatedly bucked downward, Harvino, the co-pilot, began to pray. roger that, three thousand, American uh, fourteen twenty. 2019;117:375387. The plane plunged 7,000 feet in about a minute. DEP in the transcript is Departure Control (TRACON). American 587 Heavy, thirteen hundred feet, climbing to five thousand. P I have the radios. Pinnacle 3701 CVR Transcript - Cockpit Voice Recorder Database and uh, when you join the final, you're going to be right at just a little bit outside the marker if that's gonna be okay for ya. Cleared ILS runway four right approach. Cockpit Voice Recorder Database A database containing CVR transcripts of aviation accidents and incidents Scroll 15 January 2009 - US Airways 1549 29 October 2018 - Lion Air 610 CVR Database - 160+ transcripts 10 March 2019 - Ethiopian Airlines 302 25 July 2000 - Air France 4590 31 January 2000 - Alaska Airlines 261 17 April 2018 - Southwest 1380 two seven zero, American fourteen twenty. Shanksville FO Takeoff checks complete. American Airlines Flight 1420 was a flight from Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport to Little Rock National Airport in USA. Speaking up to prevent harm: a systematic review of the safety voice literature. As the Dash-8 approached Buffalo on a wintry night, Shaw and Renslow first remarked to each other - less than seven minutes before the crash - about how much ice had formed on their wings. Both were turned over to the National Transportation Safety Board for analysis. 0915:04 DEP American 587 Heavy, New York Departure. national airlines flight 102 cvr transcript - Nartanlemos.com.br 0916:07 FO What the hell are we into? at least upside down we're flying.". The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). 2021;139 doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105260. He studied premed at UC Berkeley before graduating with a psychology major and was a reporter and editor at the Daily Californian student newspaper on campus. The 9/11 Commission concluded that the hijackers crashed the plane to keep the crew and passengers from gaining control. 0915:36 DEP American 587 Heavy, turn left, proceed direct to WAVEY. maintain two thousand three hundred 'til established on the localizer. 0910:51 P Well, ladies and gentlemen, at long last we are number two for takeoff. Ten of the 139 passengers also died. American fourteen twenty roger, runway four right, cleared to land, and the wind, three four zero at three one. Experts will testify this week about the possible failure of the jackscrew, a key part of the tail stabilizer, and whether a certain type of grease used by Alaska to lubricate the part played a role in the crash. 0911:44 P Position and hold. Ethiopia's Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau released a 33-page preliminary report into the flight 302 crash, including transcripts of the cockpit voice recorder and readouts of the flight . Sassen C. John Benjamins Publishing Company; Amsterdam: 2005. No conclusions about how or why the crash occurred should be drawn from the information within the docket. -- 4:20:38 -- Thompson: Got to get it over again. This data-in-brief is a co-submission associated with the research article: M. C. Noort, T.W. Transportation Safety Boards Office of Research and Engineering Vehicle Transcript of the Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) Time: Source: Content: 1145:15: see we're right on the base of these clouds so . We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. "We are the national archives of what not to do," safety board chairman Jim Hall told The Chronicle. Im gonna make.. left turn two twenty. 0916:06 Roaring sound decreases and then ends. 0915:51: Sound of a thump heard in the cockpit. Pushing forward to gain speed is the proper procedure. The aircraft skidded off the far end of the runway at high speed, slammed into a steel walkway with the landing lights for runway 22L and finally came to a stop on the banks of the Arkansas River. Cut off the oxygen. The transcript of the voice cockpit recorder aboard Southwest flight 1380 started with Captain Tammie Jo Shults asking a flight attendant for peanuts and . An Alaska dispatcher in Seattle initially suggested to the crew that they would encounter delays returning to the air if they diverted as requested to Los Angeles for an emergency landing, according to the transcript. Before [sound similar to windshield wiper motion], [sound of two thuds similar to aircraft touching down on runway concurrent with unidentified squeak sound], [sound similar to increase in engine RPM]. elle me fuit du jour au lendemain; taylor swift tour 2023 tickets; harry potter and the freakish fans of linlithgow; best gel like nail polish; under pressure crossword clue Allah is the greatest. The crash left a debris field three-quarters of a mile long in Trinity Bay. -- 4:11:44 -- Thompson: Yeah, no, it went down, it went to full nose down. Analysis, findings, recommendations, and probable cause determinations related to the crash will be issued by the NTSB in a final report at a later date. Henry K. Lee has been a reporter for KTVU-TV since 2015. The captain then said " Oh No!" An official website of the United States government. The activation of a stick pusher can be a jarring experience for any pilot, especially if the pilot has never experienced it before, said William Waldock, an aviation science professor at Embry-Riddle University in Prescott, Ariz. Flight data and voice recorders found at Nepal crash site. : NPR Sound of a loud thump in the cockpit. which had departed from Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, crashed 10 minutes after the crew thought it had regained control of a jammed horizontal stabilizer. 0915:54 FO Max power (spoken in a strained voice). The agency released its findings Wednesday, nearly 10 months after the jet went down in Trinity Bay. Conversational turns were uttered by junior (39.00%) and senior (35.44%) flight crew, and others (25.56%). I would have survived it. If we have a problem, Ill clear it up at six ten..left traffic for this runway. Northeast boundary wind three two zero at three two. Mortality experience of cockpit crewmembers from Japan Airlines. The controller's last report, prior to the landing, stated that the winds were 330 degrees at 28 knots. Snapshots of whats happening in the Defense Department. That led to errors and omissions, which proved to be the final links in the accident chain. The cockpit voice recorder from the downed Alaska Airlines Flight 261 is held by the robotic arm of the remotely piloted vehicle SCORPIO on the deck of the MV Kellie Chouest off the coast of Ventura County, Calif., on Feb. 2, 2000. "Yeah, we're in much worse shape now," the captain replied. The twin-jet MD-80. J Safety Res. Allah is greatest. 0916:04 Sound of warning chimes similar to a stall warning. Authors Mark C Noort 1 2 , Tom W Reader 2 , Alex Gillespie 2 3 Affiliations 1 Leiden University, Law School, the Netherland. on The Department of Defense provides the military forces needed to deter war and ensure our nation's security. No, no, no, no, no. we'll keep it tight if we have to. Thats the idea. "My daughter's an activist, and she would have been here for me," Sanchez said. I see traffic out there. It is preliminary and is based on the facts as they are known at this time. Transcripts of Doomed Alaska Flight / Voices of Doom on Alaska Air On 29 April 2013, the Boeing 747-400 operating the flight crashed moments after taking off from Bagram, killing all seven people on board. The 9/11 Commission (through testimony, tapes of passengers' phone calls, and the flight data recorders recovered from the crash) determined that crew and passengers, alerted through phone calls to loved ones, attempted to subdue the hijackers. Kaji M, Tango T, Asukata I, Tajima N, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto Y, Hokari M. Aviat Space Environ Med. An official website of the United States Government, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. First Officer, Captain Actions, Aviation Industry Practices, Led to Fatal Atlas Air Crash, WASHINGTON (July 14, 2020) The National Transportation Safety Board determined during a public board meeting held Tuesday that Atlas Air flight, NTSB Laboratory Completes Initial Review of Cockpit Voice Recorder, Recovers Flight Data Recorder, National Transportation Safety Board 490 L'Enfant Plaza, SW Washington, DC 20594, (Graphic depiction of the descent of Atlas Air flight 3591 and the communication between air traffic control and the aircraft pilots on Feb. 23, 2019. 0916:02 FO Holy _____ . Caution, wake turbulence runway three-one left. eCollection 2021 Aug. Int J Aviat Psychol. 2023 Feb 2;9(2):e13425. We have a bomb on board. Flight 93 National Memorial har p hvide stenvgge indhugget navnene p de 40 ikke-terrorister. Searchers have found both the cockpit voice recorder and flight data recorder from the Yeti Airlines flight that crashed in Nepal, in the country's deadliest plane crash in 30 years. [sound of clicks similar to flap handle movement], [sound similar to landing gear being operated]. Updated: 1:24 PM CST November 19, 2018. 0913:45 FO So, youre happy, right? CVR transcripts involved airlines registered across 42 countries, with accidents occurring across 50 countries. Unintelligible Let's go guys. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. 2021 The Author(s). I've never seen any. Safety voice and safety listening during aviation accidents: Cockpit voice recordings reveal that speaking-up to power is not enough. "(Where's) my speed, my speed," Aska said in an elevated voice according to the report. Foushee H.C., Manos K.L. United ninety three. Required fields are marked *. All times are Eastern Standard Time, November 12, 2001.Click ad for more information The uh, current weather on the ATIS is not correct. -- 4:20:25 -- Thompson: Are we flyin'? Shall we tell the pilots? The airplane was destroyed. Confusion, Then Prayer, in Cockpit of Doomed Lion Air Jet At 10:16.34.8, Renslow says, Jesus Christ. Shaw says she put the flaps up and asks if she should put the landing gear up. Published by Elsevier Inc. 0913:35 FO You happy with that distance? A check airman who flew with the captain in December said he flew very well and had good skills, and while he was still learning the flight management system, it was a normal progression. Aviation accidents; CRM; CRM, Crew Resource Management; Cockpit voice recorders; Safety listening; Safety voice. J Pediatr Surg. NTSB Graphic), Congressional and Regulatory Correspondence, National Accessibility 0912:40 FO Lights to go. No, no. The best thing: The guys will go in, lift up the Unintelligible and they put the axe into it. 0916:04 Sound of warning chimes similar to a stall warning. Renslow then remarked that he'd flown about 625 hours in the region before he was hired for this job by Manassas, Va.-based Colgan Air. 0916:06 Roaring sound decreases and then ends. Is that it? Bring the pilot back. 0914:51 P Gears up. Cockpit Voice Recorder Database Authorities locate black boxes after Nepal plane crash, airline - ABC FO One three I see, slats retract. Cockpit Voice Recorder Transcript, American Airlines Flight 587: Specialist's Factual Report of Investigation [open pdf - 77 KB] "A Fairchild model A-100A cockpit voice recorder (CVR), [serial number] (unknown), was brought to the audio laboratory of the National Transportation Safety Board on November 12, 2001. 0911:44 P Position and hold. No one survived. Were stuck in it. It was the only one of the four planes that did not reach its intended target, instead crashing in an empty field just outside Shanksville, Pennsylvania, about 150 miles northwest of Washington, D.C. Crucial Piece Of Cockpit Voice Recorder Found Weeks After - NPR zero two zero 'til established, American fourteen twenty, cleared four left approach. 14 October 2004 - Pinnacle 3701. He covers breaking news, crime, courts and aviation. (Open - Unacceptable Response), Provide initial and recurrent training for all principal inspectors who have oversight responsibilities for air carrier cargo handling operations that specifically addresses operator cargo procedures, documents, restraint, and support for technical decisions related to special cargo loads (Open - Acceptable Response), Implement temporary risk-reduction methods any time that required surveillance items for 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 121 and 135 operators can be deferred, and establish appropriate limitations on surveillance deferrals. Immediately after takeoff well be in a left turn heading for the shoreline and getting ourselves pointed southbound. 1 and 2 and horizontal stabilizer drive mechanism components, rendering the airplane uncontrollable. Cogan Air acknowledged Monday that Renslow's training for the Dash 8-Q400 Bombardier didn't include a demonstration or simulation of the stick-pusher system. The National Transportation Safety Board released a transcript of the plane's cockpit voice recorder on Wednesday. 0916:00 Sound similar to a loud grunt heard in the cockpit. | Sound of a loud bang in the cockpit. Ah. "My adrenaline's going," the captain said, relieved. Roaring sound increases Lie down. P on the transcripts is Captain Edward States, the planes command pilot. 'We just, we didn't get it clearIs that United Ninety Three calling? 15560, Download the official NPS app before your next visit. Thank you, sir. The data contains variables describing the (i) raw data, (ii) content and characteristics of the CVR transcripts, and (iii) behaviours coded by research assistants in support of the associated research article. see how we're going right into this crap. So, please remain quiet. 0916:07 FO What the hell are we into? Careers. "We're stalling. You know I'dve freaked out. 0915:04 DEP American 587 Heavy, New York Departure. 0911:41 FO Position and hold, 31 Left, 587 Heavy.Click ad for more information 1913:31: P Cleared for takeoff, American 587 Heavy. twenty, forty forty land. TWR on the transcript is the JFK Tower. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . So sit. The pilots also failed to arm the auto braking system. So, everyone will be scared. At the time they were descending from 6,000 to 4,000 feet. north boundary wind three one zero at two niner. How about we let them in? To report an incident/accident or if you are a public safety agency, please call 1-844-373-9922 or 202-314-6290 to speak to a Watch Officer at the NTSB Response Operations Center (ROC) in Washington, DC (24/7). According to the NTSB accident report, they learned that the winds were changing direction and that a wind shear alert had sounded on the airport due to a thunderstorm nearby. Renslow replies: Gear up, oh (expletive). As noise in the cockpit increases, Renslow adds: We're down. There's a thump. Er, uhCalling Cleveland CenterYou're unreadable. 0912:40 FO Lights to go. Periodical postage paid at Far Rockaway, NY. Just seconds before the worst U.S. air crash in more than seven years, the pilot exclaimed Jesus Christ and moments later his first officer screamed as Flight 3407 plunged to the ground. . Northwest 255 CVR Transcript - Cockpit Voice Recorder Database P.O. ", The final words heard are from Aska, who said, "Lord, you have my soul. One second before the plane hit the water off the Southern California coast Jan. 31 at three times the force of gravity, killing all 88 people aboard, Thompson said his last words to Tansky, 57, of Alameda: The transcript of the cockpit voice recorder was among reams of information released yesterday by the National Transportation Safety Board as it opened a four-day hearing into the crash. The transcript of the cockpit voice recorder details conversations between the pilots, an Alaska dispatcher and mechanics on the ground for the last 32 minutes of the flight. The airplane was carrying cargo from Miami to Houston for Amazon.com Inc., and the US Postal Service. Prior to that he worked for the San Francisco Chronicle for more than a decade. Cockpit-cabin communication: II. "Whatever we did is no good," Tansky told Thompson. Information transfer within the cockpit: problems in intracockpit communications (NASA TP-1875). HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help At least upside down we were flyin'. 0916:12 P Get out of it, get out of it. Allah is greatest. (See first paragraph of this article). P on the transcripts is Captain Edward States, the planes command pilot. HOUSTON, Texas (KTRK) -- The final words said by crew members on board the doomed Atlas Air flight that crashed this past February into Trinity Bay suggests a loss of control in the aircraft. The aircraft was a twin-engine McDonnell Douglas MD-82 with registration N312RC and was carrying 149 passengers and 6 crew. NTSB Opens Public Docket for Investigation of Atlas Air Flight 3591 Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript of American Airlines flight 191 contained in the NTSB report dated 6/6/79. Moments later the Dash 8-Q400 Bombardier, a twin-engine turboprop, experienced an aerodynamic stall and plunged into a house, killing all 49 people aboard and one man on the ground. Flight attendants, please prepare for takeoff. Flight 3591 Boeing 767-375BCF, N1217A. Flight attendants, please prepare for takeoff. Immediately after takeoff well be in a left turn heading for the shoreline and getting ourselves pointed southbound. CNN. Back Copies Are On File At The Queensborough Public Library, 89-11 Merrick Blvd., Jamaica, Queens 718-990-0770. eCollection 2021 Dec. We let the guys in now. 0915:41 P Well turn direct WAVEY, American Flight 587 Heavy. Associated Press. . , Safety Sci. 0915:52: Sound of two loud thumps in the cockpit. Reader, A. Gillespie. eCollection 2023 Feb. Cockpit voice recorder transcript data: Capturing safety voice and safety listening during historic aviation accidents Data Brief. 0914:25 P V Two ", Just seconds before the recording ends, someone can be heard shouting, "Pull up. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Epub 2018 Feb 8. 0915:44 Sound of a brief squeak and a rattle heard in the cabin. United Airlines' flynummer 93 - Wikipedia, den frie encyklopdi Flight 93's cockpit voice recorder (CVR) and flight data recorder (FDR) survived the crash. Epub 2019 Mar 20. Cut off the oxygen. National Airlines Flight 102 was a cargo flight operated by National Airlines between Camp Bastion in Afghanistan and Al Maktoum Airport in Dubai, with a refueling stop at Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan. Inform them, and tell him to talk to the pilot. The cockpit voice recorder from the downed Alaska Airlines Flight 261. This is a transcript of a cockpit voice recorder from United Airlines Flight #93, one of four airlines hijacked on 11 September 2001. national airlines flight 102 cvr transcript. The docket also includes interview transcripts, photographs, and other investigative materials. Copyright 2023 KTRK-TV. (AA 191, DC-10, Chicago O'Hare, May 25, 1979) According to the NTSB accident statistics, what was the official number of fatalities for the American Airlines Flight 191 accident? and runway four right, cleared to land. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies three thousand RVR. All seven crew members were killed in the accident. . The line between the airports does. This dataset contains 172 unique CVR transcripts (with 21,626 lines of transcript: averaging: 106.001 conversational turns; SD = 51.727, range: 1-641), and capturing approximately 15% of historic aviation fatalities in commercial and corporate aviation between 1962 and 2018. I've never deiced. 0915:44 Sound of a brief squeak and a rattle heard in the cabin. national airlines flight 102 cvr transcript The CVR begins at 14:55:09 and ends at 15:03:38. The NTSB warns that the transcript is meant as an investigatory tool and that those who read it should not draw conclusions from what they read. Im on the roll. 0913:21 P You have the airplane. NASA-Ames Research Center; Moffett Field, CA: 1981. American fourteen twenty, right now we have uh, heavy rain on the airport. FO Ive got the breaks. Give it to me. . 273 (the number of people killed on board the aircraft and 2 people on the ground) (AA 191, DC-10, Chicago O'Hare, May 25, 1979) Was the aircrew highly experienced? 0914:30 FO Positive rate Gear up, please. United 93: full transcript | World news | The Guardian Flight 587 Update: Transcript of Cockpit Voice Recorder On October 29 the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), as part of its official hearing docket, released a transcript of the conversations aboard American Airlines Flight 587 prior to its crash into the streets of Belle Harbor. Cockpit Voice Recorder, optager de sidste 30 minutters lyde fra cockpittet. The board was expected to focus heavily on pilot training and fatigue. This map shows the airport of departure and the intended destination of the flight. He said that there was a bomb on board. 0914:03 FO You got throttles. 0911:41 FO Position and hold, 31 Left, 587 Heavy. -- 4:20:57 -- end of recording. We have a bomb aboard, and we are going back to the airport, and we have our demands. The wind three five zero at three zero, gusts four five. Hopefully, hes going to the right side. The Wave Executive jet nine fifty-six, did you understand that transmission? TWR on the transcript is the JFK Tower. P slats. The cockpit voice recorder is one of the most important, but haunting, remains from a plane crash. All Rights Reserved. Less than a second later, a horn sounds signaling the autopilot disconnecting and that horn continues until the end of the recording. The cockpit voice recorder (CVR) transcript of Flight 212 illustrated the danger of sightseeing. Consequently they failed to arm the automatic ground spoiler system (hinged panels on top of the wings). The supplication was caught on the final seconds of audio in the cockpit voice recorder . Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! With that information, plus two wind shear reports, the approach should have been abandoned at that point, but Captain Buschmann decided to continue his approach to Runway 4R. (en) Conseil national de la scurit des transports, Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript - Emery Worldwide Flight 17 [ Transcription de l'enregistreur phonique - Vol Emery Worldwide 17 ] [PDF], sur dms.ntsb.gov, 24 avril 2001 (consult le 5 mai 2020). Say again slowly. 2018 May;53(5):875-878. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.02.002. 0913:47 P Yeah, lights are on. FO Takeoff checks complete. [81] On 23 January, the TSB announced that they had been invited by Iran to help with the flight recorders. Elsevier Inc; London: 2019. Moreover, the dataset may support safety management through enabling the identification of communication behaviours contributing to accidents and the design of novel interventions. PDF Aircraft .accident Report I hate droning around visual at night in weather without, having some clue where I am. we're getting pretty close to this storm. "This particular distraction assumes significance because Go ahead, lie down. Influencing factors of novice pilot SA based on DEMATEL-AISM method: From pilots' view. The Boeing 767 jetliner was flying from Miami to Houston and was operating on behalf of Amazon, according to Atlas Air Worldwide at the time. I don't see anything. After the crew heard a "big bang" from the back of the plane, Thompson told a flight attendant, "I need you, everybody strapped in, dear.". On June 1, 1999, a McDonnell Douglas MD-82, registration N215AA, overran the runway upon landing in Little Rock and crashed. Transcript of the Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR). P Little wake turbulance, huh? Caution, wake turbulence runway three-one left. November 02, 2002, Flight 587 Update: Transcript of Cockpit Voice Recorder doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13425. Come on, sit down. 0915:55 P You all right? Let him look through the window. 0915:41 P Well turn direct WAVEY, American Flight 587 Heavy. I don't want to die. Three seconds later, there's a click followed by the sound of increased engine power. Both automatic deployment of the ground spoilers and automatic engagement of the brakes are essential to ensure the plane's ability to stop within the confines of a wet runway, especially one that is being subjected to strong and gusting winds. The plane vanished from radar at 10,800 feet. and transmitted securely. 0916:00 Sound similar to a loud grunt heard in the cockpit. Sound of a snap heard in the cockpit. Ukraine_International_Airlines_Flight_752.pdf - Course Hero and approach American fourteen twenty, I know you're doing your best sir. The transcript was released as the safety board opened a three-day public hearing Tuesday into the accident. Thank you, sir. The docket also includes interview transcripts, photographs, and . FOIA 0915:10 P One three thousand for 587 Heavy. -. Los Angeles Times photo by Bryan Chan via Associated Press, Horoscope for Saturday, 3/04/23 by Christopher Renstrom, Snowboarder dies at Tahoe ski resort following historic blizzard, West I-80 closed near Tahoe due to snow and 'multiple spinouts', Wife of Jeffrey Vandergrift issues somber update, Even Salesforces tower HQ isnt safe from office cuts, Horoscope for Friday, 3/03/23 by Christopher Renstrom, Inside Harry and Meghans favorite In-N-Out, Mochi muffin bakery closes SF cafe after just 4 months, Oakland ransomware attackers leak 'confidential' data, Contemporary Korean restaurant in SF shutters after 6 years, You can see Maggie Rogers in SF for under $100 this weekend, Your Privacy Choices (Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads).